Asynchronous Programming

Async/Await

Async/Await in JavaScript is an approach to working with promises that makes asynchronous code simpler to read, write and debug. It allows developers to write asynchronous code that appears synchronous; and avoids callback hell and promise chaining complexity.

The async keyword allows a function to run asynchronously and returns a promise which will be fulfilled once the method completes. With await, an expression that assigns promise values can wait until either fulfilled or rejected and waits accordingly.

Async functions execute immediately before and after using the await keyword, with execution yielded back until completion of any asynchronous computation and availability of its result. This allows an application to remain responsive by not blocking UI thread; then rest of application can await results for example while waiting on server response or user order submission.

Callbacks

Callback functions are functions passed as arguments to other functions that are executed at a later time or conditionally when met, commonly used in Asynchronous Operations like retrieving data from servers or performing animations allowing other parts of your program to continue functioning while this task processes.

This function takes two arguments – a string value and a function to call when an event is triggered – which are both then outputted into the console by logging their execution, with output consisting of both display of string value and calling back callback function.

As part of writing asynchronous code, it’s essential to remember that callbacks run on a separate thread from the main function. This can cause some confusion; you must ensure your callback functions are well-tested and maintainable before using them in production code. Luckily, JavaScript offers solutions with callbacks, promises, and the async/await keywords designed specifically to solve this problem.

Promises

Promises provide an asynchronous way of moving values around. While normal values exist immediately, promises contain functions which will compute on values as soon as they become available, with promises resolving or rejecting as soon as the computation completes – this allows async functions to run without blocking the event loop while waiting for results.

Async/await syntax takes promises a step further by simplifying code readability and modernizing how we interact with Asynchronous Functions. With async/await you can pause an async function until its promise has either been fulfilled or rejected with ease by using its signature await keyword.

Await does not chain multiple callback functions together like in the previous example; rather, it waits for one promise to resolve or reject before calling any subsequent function. This eliminates repeated error callbacks in chains of promises while using catch() to manage any possible problems that may arise.

Timer

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Asynchronous programming allows multiple tasks to run concurrently without blocking the main thread for long. As such, asynchronous programming is much faster than its synchronous counterpart and easier to maintain as it has cleaner structure in its codebase.

Timers are Digital Sevices that run a predetermined interval of time and then stop. Timers are an excellent way to set an appropriate pace when undertaking activities with limited time (for instance, cleaning the kitchen for 30 minutes before moving onto another room).